Listed buildings and conservation areas require specialist treatment and may require planning approval.

Older buildings have also very different ways to manage water ingresss and damp compared with modern buildings. It is important not to compromise approaches which have worked well for centuries.

Sensitive design can help deliver the best of property flood resilience. In some cases the greater focus may be on how best a property can recover after a flood rather than just trying to keep the floodwater out.

In other cases it may be possible to provide off-property defences such as landscaping, walls or demountable flood barriers.